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Nobel Prize Series125

19011901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Emil von Behring 19021902 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Ronald Ross 19031903 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Niels Finsen 19041904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Ivan Pavlov 19051905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Robert Koch 19061906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Camillo Golgi & Santiago Ramón y Cajal 19071907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran 19081908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Paul Ehrlich & Ilya Mechnikov 19091909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Emil T. Kocher 19101910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Albrecht Kossel 19111911 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Allvar Gullstrand 19121912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Alexis Carrel 19131913 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Charles Richet 19141914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Robert Bárány 19151915 — The Year the Nobel Prize Stopped (Trenches and Chlorine Gas)19161916 — The Year the Nobel Prize Stopped (Verdun and the Somme)19171917 — The Year the Nobel Prize Stopped (Revolution and War)19181918 — The Year the Nobel Prize Stopped (The Beginning of the Spanish Flu)19191919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Jules Bordet 19201920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — August Krogh 19211921 — The Year the Nobel Prize Stood Still (The Night Insulin Was Born)19221922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Archibald Hill and Otto Meyerhof 19231923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Frederick Banting and John Macleod 19241924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Willem Einthoven 19251925 — The Year the Nobel Prize Was Interrupted (The Evolution Trial and the Jazz Age)19261926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Johannes Fibiger 19271927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Julius Wagner-Jauregg 19281928 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Charles Nicolle 19291929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Eijkman and Hopkins 19301930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Karl Landsteiner 19311931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Otto Warburg 19321932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Sherrington and Adrian 19331933 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Thomas Hunt Morgan 19341934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Whipple, Minot, and Murphy 19351935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Hans Spemann 19361936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Dale and Loewi 19371937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Szent-Györgyi 19381938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Corneille Heymans 19391939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Gerhard Domagk 19401940 — The Year the Nobel Prize Stopped 19411941 — Inventions Born from Wartime Medicine 19421942 — The Boundary Between Ethics and Science 19431943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Dam, Doisy, and Vitamin K 19441944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Erlanger and Gasser and the Multiple Signals in a Nerve 19451945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Fleming, Florey, Chain, and Penicillin 19461946 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Muller and X-rays Shake Up Genetics 19471947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — The Cori Couple and Houssay, Discovering the Body's Energy Cache 19481948 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Müller and the Dichotomy of DDT 19491949 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Hess and Moniz, Two Approaches to the Brain 19501950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Hench, Kendall, and Reichstein for Cortisone 19511951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Theiler and the Yellow Fever Vaccine 19521952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Waksman and Streptomycin, the First Weapon Against Tuberculosis 19531953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Krebs and Lipmann, Completing the Cellular Energy Circuit 19541954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Enders, Weller, and Robbins Cultivate Polio in a Petri Dish 19551955 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Theorell and the Chemistry of Oxidizing Enzymes 19561956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Cournand, Forssmann, and Richards Insert a Probe into the Heart 19571957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Bovet and Receptor-Blocking Drugs 19581958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Beadle, Tatum, and Lederberg Connect Genes and Enzymes 19591959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Ochoa and Kornberg Synthesize DNA and RNA in a Test Tube 19601960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Burnet and Medawar, Immunity Learns the Self 19611961 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Von Békésy, the Physicist from the Telephone Exchange, Unveils the Frequency Map of the Cochlea 19621962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Crick, Watson, and Wilkins, Discovery of the Double Helix of DNA 19631963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Eccles, Hodgkin, and Huxley: How Do Neurons Transmit Excitation?19641964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Bloch and Lynen Trace the 36 Steps of Cholesterol Biosynthesis 19651965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Jacob, Lwoff, and Monod, the Operon Theory of Gene Expression Regulation 19661966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Rous and Huggins, 55 Years of Attacking Cancer from Two Directions 19671967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Granit, Hartline, and Wald: How the Eye Translates Light into Nerve Signals 19681968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Holley, Khorana, and Nirenberg, Deciphering the Genetic Code 19691969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Delbrück, Hershey, and Luria: Bacteriophages and the Dawn of Molecular Biology 19701970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Katz, Euler, and Axelrod, the Release, Transmission, and Breakdown of Neurotransmitters 19711971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Sutherland, cAMP is a second messenger inside the cell 19721972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Edelman and Porter Decipher the Structure of Antibody Molecules 19731973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Frisch, Lorenz, and Tinbergen: Animal behavior is a combination of instinct and learning 19741974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Claude, de Duve, and Palade: There is a city inside the cell 19751975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Baltimore, Dulbecco, and Temin Discover Reverse Transcriptase, Challenging the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology 19761976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Blumberg and Gajdusek, Australian Aboriginal Serum and New Guinea Tribe's Disease 19771977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Guillemin, Schally, and Yalow, Hypothalamic Hormones and Radioimmunoassay 19781978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Arber, Smith, and Nathans Open the Era of Genetic Engineering with Restriction Enzymes 19791979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Cormack and Hounsfield Pioneer 3D Reconstruction of the Body Using X-rays and Computers 19801980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Benacerraf, Snell, and Dausset, the MHC: the Immune System's Self-Authentication System 19811981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Sperry, Hubel, and Wiesel: The Brain as a Parallel Distributed System 19821982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Bergström, Samuelsson, and Vane, Unraveling the 100-Year-Old Mystery of Prostaglandins and Aspirin 19831983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — McClintock, the female geneticist who discovered self-replicating code in a cornfield 19841984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Jerne, Köhler, and Milstein, the Network Theory of Immunity and Monoclonal Antibodies 19851985 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Brown and Goldstein Discover LDL Receptor, the Gatekeeper of Cholesterol Metabolism 19861986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Cohen and Levi-Montalcini, Discovery of Cell Growth Signal Factors 19871987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Tonegawa, the secret of creating 1 billion antibodies with 1,000 genes 19881988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Black, Elion, and Hitchings, Pioneers of Rational Drug Design 19891989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Bishop and Varmus, Discovery of Oncogenes Within Us 19901990 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Murray and Thomas, the moment organ and bone marrow transplantation became standard treatment 19911991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Neher and Sakmann Listen to Single Ion Channels in Cell Membranes in Real Time 19921992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Fischer and Krebs, a single phosphate group turns cellular switches on and off 19931993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Roberts and Sharp, Genes are Divided into Pieces 19941994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Gilman and Rodbell discover G proteins, intermediaries in cellular membrane signal transduction 19951995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Lewis, Nüsslein-Volhard, and Wieschaus, Mapping the Master Genes of Embryonic Development 19961996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Doherty and Zinkernagel: T cells recognize only the antigens on their own MHC 19971997 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Prusiner, Discovery of Prions, Infectious Agents Without Genetic Material 19981998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Furchgott, Murad, and Ignarro, gaseous molecules transmit cardiovascular signals 19991999 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Blobel Discovers the 'Address' of Proteins 20002000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Carlsson, Greengard, and Kandel, Mapping the Molecular Pathways of Dopamine, Synapses, and Memory 20012001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Hartwell, Hunt, and Nurse Discover the Cell Cycle Scheduler 20022002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Brenner, Horvitz, and Sulston Elucidate the Grammar of Programmed Cell Death Using C. elegans 20032003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Lauterbur and Mansfield, Mapping the Inside of the Body with Magnetic Fields 20042004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Axel and Buck Discover the Combinatorial Code of Olfaction 20052005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Marshall & Warren, Refuting the Prevailing Theory of Ulcers with Their Own Bodies 20062006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Fire and Mello Discover the Switch to Silencing Genes with RNA Interference 20072007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Capecchi, Evans, and Smithies Usher in the Era of Gene-Edited Mice 20082008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier — The Two Viruses of Cervical Cancer and AIDS 20092009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak Discover the Clock at the End of Chromosomes 20102010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Robert Edwards, Opening the Door to In Vitro Fertilization 20112011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Beutler, Hoffmann, and Steinman, Bridging the Two Faces of Immunity 20122012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Gurdon and Yamanaka Discover How to Reprogram Mature Cells 20132013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Rothman, Schekman, and Südhof Uncover the Cell's Internal Logistics System 20142014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — O'Keefe and the Mosers Discover the Brain's GPS 20152015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Campbell, Ōmura, and Tu Youyou, Natural Remedies That Saved Humanity from Parasites and Malaria 20162016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Yoshinori Ohsumi, Uncovering the Cell's Self-Cleaning System 20172017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Hall, Rosbash, and Young Discover the Gears of the Body's Clock 20182018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Allison and Honjo, Unlocking the Immune System's Brakes Against Cancer 20192019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Kaelin, Ratcliffe, and Semenza reveal the cell's oxygen sensing circuit 20202020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Alter, Houghton, and Rice reveal the identity of the hepatitis C virus 20212021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Julius and Patapoutian Discover Receptors for Temperature and Touch 20222022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Svante Pääbo, Resurrecting the Genomes of Extinct Humans 20232023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Karikó and Weissman, the Nucleoside Modification that Opened the Door to mRNA Vaccines 20242024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Ambros and Ruvkun Uncover a New Layer of Gene Regulation with MicroRNAs 20252025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — Brunkow, Ramsdell, and Sakaguchi Discover the Immune System's Self-Tolerance Circuit

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