RNA-seq Unit Converter

Convert between TPM, FPKM, RPKM, and CPM. Enter gene length and total reads to instantly switch RNA-seq normalization units.

RAW READ COUNTS

TOTAL MAPPED READS

GENE LENGTH

NORMALIZED VALUES

RPKM

—

FPKM

—

CPM

—

TPM

—

UNIT DEFINITIONS

RPKM — Reads Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads
FPKM — Fragments Per Kilobase per Million (paired-end equivalent of RPKM)
TPM — Transcripts Per Million (length-normalized first, then library-normalized; sums to 10⁶ across genes)
CPM — Counts Per Million mapped reads (no gene length normalization)

TPM ↔ RPKM conversion requires the sum of all gene RPKMs across the transcriptome, not possible for a single gene. Use DESeq2 or edgeR for differential expression analysis.