NGS coverage calculator — Computes average sequencing coverage (depth, ×) from read length, read count, and target size; or back-calculates the reads / data output (Gb) required to reach a target coverage. Formula: Coverage = (Read length × Number of reads) / Genome size.

(1) WGS — Human 30× ≈ 90 Gb, standard for germline variant calling (2) WES — exome 100× ≈ 10 Gb, somatic mutation detection (3) RNA-seq — 20–30M reads/sample for mRNA differential expression (4) Targeted panel / amplicon-seq — >500× for low-allele-frequency variants

① Choose application (WGS / WES / RNA-seq / Targeted / Custom) ② Enter read length (e.g., PE150 = 2×150 = 300 bp effective) ③ Number of reads (M reads or reads/sample) ④ Target size (e.g., human genome 3 Gb, exome 60 Mb, panel 1 Mb) ⑤ Paired-end / single-end → Output: Coverage (×), total data (Gb), back-calculated reads needed

Example 1) Human WGS 30× → Target: 3 Gb, Read: PE150 (300 bp effective) → Reads = 3×10⁹ × 30 / 300 = 3×10⁸ = 300 M reads → One NovaSeq S4 lane is enough Example 2) Tumor exome 100× → Target: 60 Mb, PE150 → Reads = 60×10⁶ × 100 / 300 = 20 M reads/sample → One NextSeq run can multiplex ~20 samples