The study1 by Emma Guttman-Yassky and colleagues represents an important and innovative contribution to the evolving treatment landscape of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, particularly by targeting OX40. Use of a placebo and allowance of rescue therapy, even for patients who did not respond to systemic treatments, is clinically relevant. However, classifying all patients needing rescue therapy as permanent non-responders complicates efficacy interpretation. The sensitivity analysis, which included patients with less than 2 weeks of consecutive rescue therapy, attempted to address this issue, but confounding from the type, start date, and total exposure of rescue therapy remains likely.