- Rectal diseases are a category of diseases encompassing various problems occurring in the rectum, which is the final part of the large intestine, and the rectum serves the role of storing stool.
- There is not a single cause, and it can include different diseases such as hemorrhoids, abscesses, fecal incontinence, and rectal cancer.
- The pathophysiological mechanisms of rectal diseases vary depending on the cause, such as vascular changes, inflammation or infection, abnormal tissue proliferation, or abnormalities in bowel control function.
- Common clinical manifestations may include pain and bleeding around the rectum or anus, lumps or swelling, abscesses, and difficulty with bowel control.
- The type and severity of symptoms may vary from person to person depending on the type and extent of the lesion, age, bowel habits, comorbidities, medications being taken, etc.
- Constipation, diarrhea, pain during defecation, sudden urge to defecate, mucus, bleeding, and fecal incontinence may occur, and the course of the disease ranges from temporary irritation to persistent or worsening conditions.
- Diagnosis is made by assessing the onset and pattern of symptoms, followed by a physical examination and digital rectal examination, with endoscopy, imaging tests, or biopsies added if necessary.
- Because pain or bleeding can have various causes, do not simply assume it is hemorrhoids; if symptoms persist or recur, you should seek an evaluation from a healthcare provider.
- Management varies depending on the specific cause and severity, and options can range from observation and lifestyle adjustments to medication, procedures, or surgery.
- There is no single treatment applicable to all rectal diseases; treatment goals and methods are determined by identifying the cause and severity.