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Cat-scratch disease

An evidence-led atlas of Bartonella henselae exposure, lymphadenitis, atypical complications, test limitations, and severity-based care.

cat-scratch disease · cat scratch fever

MONDO:0005692Public QA completeSource-bound · 4

Disease at a glance

Start with the essentials, then explore the patient and research views.

Public revision · 0dc66dfa6d53

Disease class
Cat-scratch disease is caused mainly by Bartonella henselae infection.
Core mechanism
Transmission can occur when a scratch, especially from a kitten, is contaminated with infected flea feces.
Genes or cause
Fleas play an important role in transmission among cats.
Typical features
A small lesion at the exposure site can be followed by tender regional lymph-node enlargement.
Variability
Atypical or disseminated disease can involve the eye, liver and spleen, bone, nervous system, or heart valves.
Diagnosis
Typical illness with compatible cat exposure is often diagnosed clinically.
Management
Serology can support diagnosis but may cross-react with other Bartonella species and remain positive for years.
Treatment and research
Culture is limited by slow growth, and molecular-test sensitivity varies by specimen.
Reading evidence
Typical disease in immunocompetent people is usually self-limited.
Key caution
In some typical cases, azithromycin may reduce node size faster, while a difference in overall outcomes is uncertain.

For patients and families

A structured guide for understanding the disease and preparing for clinical conversations.

At a glance

Cat-scratch disease is caused mainly by Bartonella henselae infection.

A small lesion at the exposure site can be followed by tender regional lymph-node enlargement.

How the disease works

Transmission can occur when a scratch, especially from a kitten, is contaminated with infected flea feces.

Fleas play an important role in transmission among cats.

Why experiences vary

Atypical or disseminated disease can involve the eye, liver and spleen, bone, nervous system, or heart valves.

Diagnosis and management

Typical illness with compatible cat exposure is often diagnosed clinically.

Treatment status

Serology can support diagnosis but may cross-react with other Bartonella species and remain positive for years.

Culture is limited by slow growth, and molecular-test sensitivity varies by specimen.

Reading clinical trials

Lymph-node aspiration is generally reserved for severe pain relief or diagnostic uncertainty.

Topics for a clinical visit

Clinical discussion should cover cat and flea exposure, lymph-node pattern, immune status, organ involvement, and test limitations.

Medical notice

This material is for disease education and is not a personal diagnosis or treatment instruction.

Evidence and sources

A trial registry status does not establish efficacy or regulatory approval.